James Liebman

James S. Liebman

  • Simon H. Rifkind Professor of Law
Education

J.D., Stanford Law School, 1977
B.A., Yale College, 1974

Areas of Specialty

Public Education Reform 
Criminal Law
Death Penalty
Habeas Corpus
Equality and Equal Protection
Public Interest Advocacy
Evidence

James S. Liebman is an expert on institutional design and change in public education and criminal justice. He is the founder of the ​​Columbia ​Center for Public Research and Leadership​, which since 2010 has engaged upper-level law, business, data sciences, education, and policy graduate students in studying strategies and conducting hands-on projects to equalize children’s access to high-quality public schools.

In the criminal justice context, Liebman’s research has focused on the death penalty, habeas corpus, and structures for improving the accuracy of guilt determinations. In 2014, Liebman and a team of Columbia Law School students published The Wrong Carlos: Anatomy of a Wrongful Execution (Columbia University Press), a book documenting the erroneous conviction and execution of a Texas man for the murder of a convenience store clerk in 1989 that was committed by another man. (The book is the basis for the 2021 documentary The Phantom.) More than a decade in the making, the project was first previewed in the Columbia Human Rights Law Review, garnering attention from NPR, The New York Times, The Atlantic, The Guardian, and other national publications. Professor Liebman’s 2000 and 2002 study (with Columbia Law Professor Jeffrey Fagan) of massive error rates in capital cases nationwide was featured as the right-hand lead in The New York Times and was covered by hundreds of media outlets across the country. Washington Post columnist David Broder characterized the study as one of only three pieces of social research over the prior 40 years that had so “decisively affected the course of policy debates” (David S. Broder, “Broken Justice, Washington Post, June 18, 2000).

Liebman has argued five capital and habeas corpus appeals in front of the U.S. Supreme Court and many others in lower federal and state courts. He has also testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee and the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Administration of Justice about the need for improved legal representation in state capital trials and revisions to federal habeas corpus law, respectively. 

From 2006 to 2009, Liebman ​led the New York City Department of Education’s Division of Accountability and Achievement Resources under Mayor Michael Bloomberg. His division provided ​parents and educators with the tools to improve student results and hold schools accountable for advancing students’ academic progress. New York City awarded Liebman the 2009 Overall Excellence in Technology Award for his design of the city’s educational data system. 

Liebman served as a law clerk to Judge Carl McGowan of the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia from 1977 to 1978 and U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens the following year. From 1979 to 1985, he was assistant counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. ​​Liebman joined the Law School’s faculty in 1985, where he held the position of vice dean from 1991 to 1992. 

Liebman is an avid hiker and cross-country skier. Over the past few years, he has hiked the 3,000-mile Continental Divide Trails across New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana and begun tackling Canada's Great Divide Trail.

Publications

  • Federal Habeas Corpus Practice and Procedure (with Randy Hertz), LexisNexis, 2019 (8th edition)
  • “Perpetual Evolution: A Schools-Focused Public Law Litigation Model for Our Day,” Columbia Law Review, 2017
  • “Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform” (with Elizabeth Cruikshank and Christina Ma), Florida Law Review, 2017
  • “Correcting Criminal Justice Through Collective Experience Rigorously Examined” (with David Matern), Southern California Law Review, 2014 
  • “The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Non-Matches as Evidence of Innocence (with Shawn Blackburn, David Mattern & Jonathan Waisnor), Iowa Law Review, 2013
  • “Minority Practice, Majority’s Burden: The Death Penalty Today” (with Peter Clarke) (David H. Bodiker Lecture), Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 2011
  • A Modern Approach to Evidence (with Richard O. Lempert, Samuel R. Gross, John H. Blume, Stephan Landsman, and Fredric I. Lederer), West Group Co., 2013 (5th edition)
  • “Slow-Dancing with Death: The Supreme Court and Capital Punishment,” Columbia Law Review, 2007
  • “A Broken System: The Persistent Patterns of Reversals of Death Sentences in the United States” (with Andrew Gelman, Alexander Kiss and Valerie West), Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 2004
  • “Experimentalist Equal Protection” (with Brandon Garrett), Yale Law Policy Review, 2004
  • “Madisonian Equal Protection” (with Brandon Garrett), Columbia Law Review, 2004
  • “A Public Laboratory Dewey Barely Imagined: the Emerging Model of School Governance and Legal Reform” (with Charles F. Sabel), New York University Journal of Law and Social Change, 2002-2003
  • “The Overproduction of Death,” Columbia Law Review, 2000
  • “Some Effectual Power: The Quantity and Quality of Decision-making that the Constitution Demands of the Federal Courts” (with William Ryan), Columbia Law Review, 1998
  • “Apocalypse Next Time? The Anachronistic Attack on Direct Review/Habeas Corpus Parity,” Columbia Law Review, 1992
  • “Voice, Not Choice: Review of Politics, Markets, and America's Schools” (by John E. Chubb and Terry M. Moe), Yale Law Journal, 1991
  • “Desegregating Politics: ‘All-Out’ Desegregation Explained,” Columbia Law Review, 1990
  • “Guiding Death Sentencing Discretion Beyond the ‘Boilerplate’: Mental Disorder as a Mitigating Factor” (with Michael J. Shepard), Georgetown Law Journal, 1978

Honors and Awards

New York City Bar Capital Defense Distinguished Service and Pro Bono Award

2014

New York City Overall Excellence in Technology Award

2009

Article Prize for an outstanding work in law and society scholarship for “The Overproduction of Death,” 100 Columbia Law Review 2030, 2000, Law and Society Association

2002

Champion of Justice Award, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers

2002

William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Grant, Public Problem Solving

2001-2004

Public Interest Achievement Award, Public Interest Law Foundation of Columbia Law School

2001

Soros Senior Justice Fellowship, awarded by the Center on Crime, Communities & Culture of the Open Society Institute

2000

Featured Honors

Former U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens stated that Liebman’s book The Wrong Carlos “demonstrated beyond a shadow of a doubt” that Texas executed an innocent man, constituting a “sufficient argument against the death penalty.” 

In 2015, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer cited Liebman in his dissenting opinion in a lethal injection-related case, noting that Liebman’s work “bear[s] out my own view, reached after consid­ering thousands of death penalty cases and last-minute petitions over the course of more than 20 years.” In a speech at Columbia Law School, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg cited Liebman’s oral argument in Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419 (1995) as one of the strongest and most impactful presentations she had seen in her years on the bench. As a result of the Supreme Court’s decision in the case, Curtis Kyles was released from Louisiana’s death row for lack of evidence of his guilt.

Grant Awards

  • 2014–2019: Grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Booth Ferris Foundation, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Centerbridge Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Foundation, Stuart Foundation, and Walton Family Foundation to study and promote educational equity in the United States and Brazil
  • 2003–2005: Grants from the Arca, Horace W. Goldsmith, Overbrook, Tides, and Z. Smith Reynolds Foundations, the Open Society Institute, and Wallace Global Fund, to study the probability of executing the innocent
  • 2000, 2001: Open Society Institute Grants, Death Penalty Dialogue Project
  • 2000–2001: National Institute of Justice Grant, Getting to Death: Fairness and Efficiency in the Processing and Conclusion of Death Penalty Cases After Furman
  • 1998: Open Society Institute Grant, Life After Death: A Contextual Analysis of Judicial Review of Capital Verdicts

Remarks and Testimony

Activities and Affiliations

  • Board of Directors, Columbia Journal of Law & Social Reform, 2016-present
  • Fellow, American Bar Foundation, 2011-present
  • Founding Director, Columbia Center for Public Research and Leadership, 2010-present; Advisory Council Chair, 2019-present
  • ETS Visiting Panel on Research, 2012-2019
  • Board of Advisors, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 2012
  • National Technical Advisory Council, U.S. Department of Education, 2010-2012
  • Chief Accountability Officer and Director of the Division of Accountability and Achievement Resources, New York City Department of Education, 2006-2009 (on partial leave from Columbia Law School)
  • Founder and Director, Death Penalty Dialogue Project, 2000-2002
  • Commissioner, New York State of Education’s Task Force on Educational Excellence and Equity, 1992
  • Member, American Bar Association Task Force Studying Federal Habeas Corpus Review of State Death Penalty Convictions, 1988-1989
  • Member, State Bar of New York, 1988
  • Member, State Bar of California, 1979
  • Member of Bar of Supreme Court of the United States

Videos

News and Press

Related News and Stories